In general we tend to use the active voice. That is when a subject does an action to an object.

1. Somebody stole my laptop. (subject = Somebody / action(verb) = stole / object = my laptop)

The passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the action (the verb) and the object of a sentence rather than subject. This means that the subject is either less important than the action itself or that we don’t know who or what the subject is.

1. My laptop was stolen. (The object – now the subject = My laptop / action= was stolen)

1. Passive: Napa Valley is known for its excellent wines.
2. Active: [Many people] know Napa Valley for its excellent wines.

1. Passive: Twenty civilians were killed in the bomb explosion.
2. Active: Someone killed twenty civilians in the bomb explosion.

When we know who the subject is, we put it at the end with by. We call this an agent.

1. Passive: The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci. (agent =Leonardo Da Vinci )
2. Active: Leonaro Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.

Most writing instructors and editors recommend against using the passive voice, when possible. The reason for this is that when you use the active voice, your writing is clearer and less complicated.

1. Active: While Mr. Taylor was driving down Highway 101, a police officer pulled him over and gave him a speeding ticket.
2. Passive: While Mr. Taylor was driving down Highway 101, he was pulled over and given a ticket by a police officer.

If it’s a long sentence and you know who the subject is, it’s best to use the active voice.

The passive is often used to report something or to state a fact.

1. Highway 15 was closed yesterday due to a serious road accident.
2. A lot of corn is grown in Iowa.

The passive voice is not a tense in English. Each tense has its own passive voice which is created by using a form of the auxiliary verb to be + V3 (past participle)

The passive voice in each tense:

Tense	Auxiliary verb + sample V3 (past participle)	Examples
Present simple	am, is, are + made	Wine is made from grapes. Many cars are made in Japan.
Present progressive	am, is, are + being + sent	The document is being sent right now. I am being sent to work in the London office.
Past simple	was, were + invited	John was invited to speak at the conference. We were invited to Daniel and Mary’s wedding.
Past progressive	was, were + being + washed	The dog was being washed when I got home. Their cars were being washed while they were in the mall shopping.
Future (will)	will be + signed	The contract will be signed tomorrow. The documents will all be signed by next week.
Future (going to)	am, is, are + going to be + built	A bridge is going to be built within the next two years. New houses are going to be built in our neighborhood.
Present perfect	has, have + been + sold	That start-up has been sold for $5 million. The rights to his book have been sold for $250,000.
Past perfect	had + been + hired	The new manager had been hired before John left the company. All the employees had hired before the store opened.
Future perfect	will + have been + finished	The car will have been loaded by the time he gets home. The crates will have been loaded by then.
Modals: can/could	can, could + be + issued	A passport can only be issued at the embassy. He said the documents could be issued within the week.
Modal: have to	have to, has to, had to + be + arranged	A babysitter has to be arranged for this evening. Joan’s travel plans have to be arranged by December.
Modal: must	must + be + stopped	Criminals must be stopped before they commit crimes.

All of the rules for passive negatives and questions are the same as for the active voice.

Note: Verbs that have no object (no one to “receive” the action) cannot be put into the passive, such as, arrive, come, die, exist, go, happen, have, live, occur sleep, etc.

Fill in the correct passive form of the verb in parentheses.

1. After the earthquake, aid was sent to the people of Haiti. (sent)
3. The electricity was cut off because the bill hadn’t been paid. (not pay)

1. Penicillin ______ by Alexander Fleming in 1928. (discover)
2. Statements ______ from all the witnesses at this moment. (take)
3. Whales ______ by an international ban on whaling. (must protect)
4. Both weddings _______ by Good Taste. (cater)
5. A Picasso ____ from the Metropolitan Museum of Art.(steal)
6. ____ this washing machine ______in Germany? (make)
7. Tea _____ in China. (grow)
8. When we reached the airport, we found that all the flights____ due to the storm. (cancel)
9. The fax _____ until tomorrow morning. (not send)
10. The soundtrack of a movie _____ always _____ after the filming is finished. (is/add)

Answers:

1. was discovered
2. are being taken
3. must be protected
4. were catered
5. was stolen
6. Was/made
7. is grown
8. had been cancelled
9. won’t be sent
10. is/added

To form Yes/No questions in the future perfect simple tense use: Will/Won’t + Subject + have + V3 (past participle) form of the verb.

Auxiliary Verb	Subject	Verb in V3 (Past Participle)	Rest of Sentence
Will	I / you / we / they he / she / it	have gone	home by then?
Won’t		have eaten	dinner by the time I get home?

1. Will she have gotten her passport by then?
2. Won’t you have sent the documents by Thursday?

The future perfect progressive tense is used to talk about an action that will already have started and will still be happening by a certain time in the future. We use time expressions such as for 30 minutes and since early morning to describe the length of time the activity has already going on.

To form a sentence in the future perfect progressive use will + have + been verbing (present participle) form of the verb.

Time Expression	Subject	have + been + verbing	rest of sentence
By October 1st,	I / You / We / They He / She / It	will have been travelling	for two months.

1. By the time you get here, we will have been building the house for a year.
2. By 2008, Adam will have been selling sports equipment for 10 years.

Fill in the correct form verb in either the future perfect simple or future perfect progressive tense.

1. Tamara will have completed her Bachelor’s Degree by June. (complete)
2. The customer service department will have been operating for 2 years by then. (operate)

1. By the time I start my shift, Dr. Frazier _________ for 18 hours straight. (work)
2. Sheila ____ the scholarship by the time she starts school in September. (get)
3. By this time next month, I hope they ____building the community center. (finish)
4. Professor Adams ______ at this university for 25 years by the time he retires in June. (teach)
5. By this time tomorrow night we ______ in Australia. (arrive)
6. ______ he ______ the message by the time your flight takes off? (receive)
7. Dana _____ the night shift by the time you get up in the morning. (not finish)
8. The team _____ at the exhibition for five hours by the time I arrive there. (work)
9. By the time we get on the plane, they ____already _____ the luggage. (load)
10. By 2025, I hope researchers ______ a cure for cancer. (find)

Answers:

1. will have been working
2. will have gotten
3. will not have seen
4. will have been teaching
5. will have arrived
6. Will/have received
7. won’t have finished
8. will have been working
9. will/have loaded
10. will have found

In general, use the past perfect simple when the first action started in the past and ended before the second action began. Use the past perfect progressive when that first action was still in progress when the second action began. Remember, both actions ended in the past.

1. I had fed the dogs before I tripped and fell.
2. I had been feeding the dogs when I tripped and fell.

When creating negative sentences, we use the auxiliary (helping) verb hadn’t (had not) + been + the ing (present participle) form of the verb.

Subject	Auxiliary Verb	Been + Verbing	Rest of Sentence
I / You / We / They He / She / It	hadn’t (had not)	been sleeping	when you arrived

1. I hadn’t been feeling well, so I sent him away.
2. Simon had not been expecting a positive answer when he got a job.
3. The hikers hadn’t been walking long before they got lost.

To create a question that will be answered with a yes or no, use Had (or Hadn’t for a negative question) + been + the ing (present participle) form of the verb.

Auxiliary Verb	Subject	Been + Verbing	Rest of Sentence
Had	I / you / we / they he / she / it	been working	when she called
Hadn’t		been assisting	you

1. Had he been drinking when you found him?
2. Had the manager been complaining about Jim before she fired him?
3. Hadn’t the snow been falling for hours before then?

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, which, who, how, how many, how much.

To form a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add had, then the subject (a person or thing that had been doing the action), followed by been and the ing (present participle) form of the verb, and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Wh-Word	Auxiliary Verb	Subject	Been + Verbing	Rest of Sentence
What	had	I / you / we / they he / she / it	been doing	until then
Who			been dating	before me

1. What had you been doing when you cut your finger?
2. Which fax message had you been trying to send when the power went off?
3. How long had he been waiting?

Fill in the correct form of the Past Perfect Progressive or Past Simple as in the examples

1. I‘d been trying to sell my car for six months before I found a buyer (try/find)
2. Sheila had not been dieting for long when she began to lose weight. (not diet)
3. How long had the fire been burning before the firefighters arrived? (burn/arrive)

1. Dylan ______ chess for several years before he _______ his first tournament (study/enter)
2. Before I _______ to work here, who ______ the client’s account? (start/ manage)
3. Although they _______ the house for two years, it still _____ ready. (build/not be)
4. Mario _______ well before the exam. (not feel)
5. At last we ______ the movie that everyone _______ about. (see/talk)
6. The students _____ math problems when one of them fainted. (solve)
7. How long _____ he _____ before the accident ______? (drive/occur)
8. Paula and Terry ______ tennis when it _____ to rain. (play/begin)
9. ______ you _______ a long time when you ______? (jog / faint)
10. Our forces _______ in that area until two weeks before then. (not fight)

Answers:

1. had been studying/entered
2. started/managed
3. had been building/wasn’t
4. hadn’t been feeling
5. saw/had been talking
6. had been solving
7. had/been driving/occurred
8. had been playing/began
9. Had/been jogging/fainted
10. hadn’t been fighting

Positive

1. Ben had been working for three hours when Rachel came home.
2. By the time Sam found an umbrella, it had been raining for ten minutes.
3. By the time Catherine got to the office, the client had been waiting for an hour.
4. The client had been waiting for an hour by the time Catherine got to the office.
5. I had been feeding the dogs when I tripped and fell.

Negative

1. I hadn’t been feeling well, so I sent him away.
2. Simon had not been expecting a positive answer when he got a job.
3. The hikers hadn’t been walking long before they got lost.

Yes/No questions

1. Had he been drinking when you found him?
2. Had the manager been complaining about Jim before she fired him?
3. Hadn’t the snow been falling for hours before then?

Wh-Questions

1. What had you been doing when you cut your finger?
2. Which fax had you been trying to send when the power went off?
3. How long had he been waiting?

We often contract the subject (the person or thing that had done the action) and had:

1. I had > I’d – After I’d used the phone, I paid the bill.
2. He had > He’d / She has > She’d / It has > It’d – It’d happened so quickly, I didn’t notice.
3. We had > We’d / You have > You’d /They are > They’d – We’d just gotten home, when we heard the blast outside.

When creating negative sentences, we use the auxiliary verbs hadn’t (had not) together with the V3 (past participle) form of the verb. You can also create a negative sentence by using the auxiliary verb had with the time expression never and then the V3.

Subject	Auxillery Verb	Verb in V3 (Past Participle)	Rest of Sentence
I / You / We / They He / She / It	hadn’t (had not)	driven	a car before then
	had never	driven	a car before then

1. I had not eaten at that restaurant before today.
2. Samantha hadn’t had time to explain her side of the story.
3. My friends hadn’t ever gone to France.
4. My friends had never gone to the USA either.

To create a question that will be answered with a yes or no, start the question with Had (Hadn’t for a negative question) then add a subject (the person or thing that had done the action) followed by the V3 (Past Participle) form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Auxiliary Verb	Subject	Verb in V3 (Past Participle)	Rest of Sentence
Had	I / you / we / they he / she / it	had	time to rehearse you’re the song
Had	he / she / it	eaten	there before

1. Had you cleaned up the mess by the time they came home?
2. Had Adam ever spoken to the CEO before he was fired?

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, who, how, how many, how much.

To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add had, then the subject (a person or thing that had done the action), followed by the V3 (Past Participle) form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Wh-Word	Auxiliary Verb	Subject	Verb in V3 (Past Participle)	Rest of Sentence
What	had	I / you / we / they he / she / it	taught	before leaving education
Why	had		changed	the subject

1. What had they said that made him so angry?
2. Why had he agreed to work for that salary?
3. How much had he drunk before you got to him?

Tag questions are those short questions that are tagged onto the end of a sentence. They are used just to make sure that the person you’re talking to understood what you meant or to emphasize what you said.

They’re formed by writing a regular sentence in the past perfect simple, then by adding hadn’t and a pronoun (I, you, we, they, he, she, it) and a question mark.

1. John had known about the cancer for a couple of years, hadn’t he?
2. They had been in business together, hadn’t they?

You may also add a positive tag when you’re using a negative sentence.

1. Jennifer hadn’t spoken to you about it, had she?
2. They had never eaten a proper Indian meal, had they?

As a rule: When the sentence is positive, the tag is negative.
When the sentence is negative, the tag is positive.

Fill in the correct form of the past perfect simple or past simple as in the examples.

1. After Loren had turned on the alarm, she locked the door. (turn on)
2. By the time Simone arrived, the police had already left. (arrive)
3. Had you known about the contract they signed? (know)

1. After the company _____Joe, he began to work on his first project. (hire)
2. _____you _______ the news before you saw it on TV? (hear)
3. Michael didn’t want to see the movie because he _______ the book yet. (not read)
4. The concert ______ already _______when we _______ the stadium. (begin/ enter)
5. Until Anne ________ Mark, she ____ never ______in love. (meet, be)
6. Bill __________ for years before he finally _______. (smoke/ quit)
7. _______ Sara ever _______to London by herself before then? (drive)
8. How many fish ______ the boys _____ by the time it started raining? (catch)
9. You ________ them to go to the beach, hadn’t you? (forbid)
10. The girls _______ in weeks? That’s why they ______ so much afterwards. (exercise / hurt)

Answers:

1. had hired
2. Had/heard
3. hadn’t read
4. had/begun/entered
5. met/had/been
6. had smoked/quit
7. Had/driven
8. had/caught
9. had forbidden
10. hadn’t exercised / hurt

1. After Sofie had finished her work, she went to lunch.
2. I washed the floor when the painter had gone.
3. Harold had known about it for a while.
4. I didn’t say anything until she had finished talking.
5. After she had moved out, I found her notes.
6. Before I knew it, she had run out the door.
7. By the time he phoned her, she had found someone new.
8. By the time Doris got to the party, everyone had gone home.
9. Everyone had gone home by the time Doris had got to the party.
10. I had had enough of his complaining.
11. After I’d used the phone, I paid the bill.
12. It’d happened so quickly, I didn’t notice.
13. We’d just gotten home, when we heard the blast outside.

Negative

1. I had not eaten at that restaurant before today.
2. Samantha hadn’t had time to explain her side of the story.
3. My friends hadn’t ever gone to France.
4. My friends had never gone to the USA either.

Yes/No Questions

1. Had you cleaned up the mess by the time they came home?
2. Had Adam ever spoken to the CEO before he was fired?

Wh- Questions

1. What had they said that made him so angry?
2. Why had he agreed to work for that salary?
3. How much had he drunk before you got to him?

Tag Questions

1. John had known about the cancer for a couple of years, hadn’t he?
2. They had been in business together, hadn’t they?
3. Jenifer hadn’t spoken to you about it, had she?
4. They had never eaten a proper Indian meal, had they?

In general, use the present perfect simple when the action started in the past and is relevant to the present. Ex. This is the third time I’ve written to you. (I wrote twice in the past and now I am writing again – in the present.)

If it’s an action that started in the past and that same action is still happening now, use the present perfect progressive. Ex I have been waiting for you since 10 am.

Some actions can be expressed in either tense, especially those that started in the past and still occur in the present on a habitual basis. Ex. I have lived in this house for 20 years. / I have been living in this house for 20 years. Both sentences are correct.

In general, we contract the subject (the person or thing doing the action) and form of have:

1. I have > I’ve – I’ve been thinking about you since you called.
2. He has > He’s / She has > She’s / It has > It’s – He’s been singing for two hours.
3. We have > We’ve / You have > You’ve / They are > They’ve – We’ve been helping her out for a few months.

You may have noticed that the 3rd person singular (he, she, it) contractions look like those in the present progressive. You can tell them apart by the use of been and from the context of the sentence: he is > He’s eating now. / he has > He’s been eating for two hours.

When creating negative sentences, we use hasn’t or haven’t together with been and the ing (present participle) form of the verb. Save the long forms (has not, and have not) for when you want to create emphasis. When speaking, put the stress on ‘not’.

Subject	Auxillery Verb	Been + Verbing	Rest of Sentence
I / You / We / They	haven’t (have not)	been lying	to you
He / She / It	hasn’t (has not)	been sleeping	weill since the accident

1. I haven’t been feeling well lately.
2. Simon hasn’t been attending class regularly since he got a job.
3. The sales team hasn’t been performing at the top of their game.
4. He has not been paying attention!

To create a question that will be answered with a yes or no, start the question with Have or Has, (Haven’t or Hasn’t for a negative question) then add a subject (the person or thing that has been doing the action) followed by been and the ing (present participle) form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Auxiliary Verb	Subject	Been + Verbing	Rest of Sentence
Have	I / you / we / they	been working	since this morning
Has	he / she / it	been earning	minimum wage
Hasn’t	he / she / it	been helping	you clean the house

1. Have you been keeping track of sales?
2. Has Jerry been picking fruit from my trees again?

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, which, who, how, how many, how much.

To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add have or has, then the subject (a person or thing that has been doing the action), followed by been and the ing (present participle) form of the verb, and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Wh-Word	Auxiliary Verb	Subject	Been + Verbing	Rest of Sentence
What	have	I / you / we / they	been doing	lately
Why	has	he / she / it	been copying	documents all day

1. What have you been doing since I left?
2. Why has the phone been ringing for the last two hours?
3. How long has he been waiting?

Fill in the correct for of the Present Perfect Progressive as in the examples.

1. I‘ve been gardening for three hours. (garden) My back is killing me!
2. Tony has been listening to the news non-stop since the conflict began. (listen)
3. Have you been saving the coupons for me? (save)

1. Roger ______ at his mother’s house since his divorce. (stay)
2. How long _____ the dogs ________ like that? (bark)
3. I _______ the football score. (not follow) Are we winning?
4. The students ______ plans for the school party for several weeks. (make)
5. Rachel ________ at that studio for very long. (not dance)
6. _________ Tim _______ that book since January? (not read) I’m waiting to borrow it.
7. The project manager ________ us to finish the work since Tuesday. (push)
8. ________ you ________ TV all morning? (watch)
9. I_________ to Paris twice a month since the project started. (travel)
10. Jenny ________ customer deadlines since she arrived here. (not meet.) The boss may fire her.

Answers:

1. has been staying
2. have/been barking
3. haven’t been following
4. have been making
5. hasn’t been dancing
6. Hasn’t/been reading
7. has been pushing
8. Have/been watching
9. I’ve been traveling
10. has not been meeting

Positive

1. I have been living in this house for 40 years. (I started living in it 40 years ago and I am still living in it today.
2. I have been climbing up this mountain for over two hours. (I started climbing up it two hours ago and at this moment I’m still climbing.)
3. I have been waiting for you since 10 am.
4. I’ve been thinking about you since you called.
5. He’s been singing for two hours.
6. We’ve been helping her out for a few months.
8. I’ve been gardening for three hours. My back is killing me!
9. Tony has been listening to the news ever since the conflict began.

Negative

1. I haven’t been feeling well lately.
2. Simon hasn’t been attending class regularly since he got a job.
3. The sales team hasn’t been performing at the top of their game.
4. He has not been paying attention!

Yes/No Questions

1. Have you been keeping track of sales?
2. Has Jerry been picking fruit from my trees again?
3. Have you been saving the coupons for me?

Wh Questions

1. What have you been doing since I left?
2. How long has he been waiting?
3. Why has the phone been ringing for the last two hours?

This form is used to:

Describe a simple action in the future:

1. She‘ll write the e-mail after lunch.
2. Alice won’t help us decorate for the party.

Make a prediction or give a warning:

1. Don’t lift that. You‘ll hurt yourself
2. If you don’t finish the bid, the boss won’t give you a raise.

Make a spontaneous decision:

1. You dropped your purse. I‘ll get it.

Subject	will or won’t +verb		rest of sentence
	Positive	Negative
I / You / We / They He / She / It	will see	won’t see	you tomorrow night

Contractions

In general, use the contracted forms of the pronoun + will:
I will > I’ll / he will > he’ll / she will > she’ll / you will > you’ll / we will > we’ll /they will > they’ll
Ex. I’ll see you tomorrow. / You’ll get the answer by post.
Try to use the short form won’t instead of will not
Ex. I won’t see you tomorrow.
Save the long forms for when you want to create emphasis in spoken Englsih or when writing formal texts.
Ex. You will not do that again! / His hypothesis will not stand up to their criticism.

Yes/No Questions in the Future Simple

To create a question that will be answered with a yes or no, use Will (or Won’t) + subject + base form of the verb.

Will	subject	base form of the verb	rest of sentence
Will (Won’t)	I / You / We / They He / She / It	send	that fax for me

1. Will Dave burn the CD for you?
2. Won’t the girls be late for the party?

Wh- Questions in the Future Simple

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, who, how, how many, how much.

To form a Wh-question use: Wh-word + will (or won’t) + subject + base form of the verb.

Wh word	Will	subject	base form of the verb	rest of sentence
What	will	I / You / We / They He / She / It	tell	him tonight
Why	won’t		finish	the project

1. When will he give you an answer?
2. Why won’t you tell him the truth?

Exercises – Future Simple Tense

Fill in the correct form of the verb with the future simple tense as in the examples.

1. I‘ll drive you to your lesson at 4 pm. (drive)
2. He won’t work overtime anymore (not work)

1. Sam _______ the documents over to you tomorrow. (bring)
2. The managers ________ about the budget until next Thursday. (not decide)
3. _______ your sister ______ in a large church? (get married)
4. ________ he _____ you move to your new apartment? (not help)
5. I _________ him this time. He mustn’t do that again. (forgive)

Answers:

1. will bring
2. won’t decide
3. Will/ get married
4. Won’t/help
5. will forgive

We usually use am, is or are + going to + the base form of the verb to talk about actions in the future that have already been decided on.

Subject	Form of be + going to		base form of the verb	rest of sentence
	Positive	Negative
I	am going to	am not going to	buy	some clothes tomorrow
He / She / It	is going to	isn’t (is not) going to
You / We / They	are going to	aren’t (are not) going to

1. Dan‘s going to take the order over to the customer.
2. The girls are going to sing ‘Amazing Grace’ now.
3. They aren’t going to buy the house.
4. I am not going to make dinner tonight. We’re going out to a restaurant.

Yes/No Questions – Be going to

To ask a question that will be answered with either a yes or no, start with Am, Is or Are (or isn’t/aren’t for negative questions), then choose a subject (the person or thing doing the action), followed by going to + the base form of the verb.

A form of be	subject	going to + verb	rest of sentence
Am	I	going to eat	lunch today
Is / Isn’t	he / she / it
Are/ Aren’t	you / we / they

1. Am I going to feel bad about my decision?
2. Is he going to watch the film tonight?
3. Are you going to participate in the race tomorrow?

Wh-Questions – Be Going To

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, which, why, who, how, how many, how much.

To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add am, is or are, then the subject (a person or thing that will be doing the action), going to and the base form of the verb.

Wh- word	A form of be	subject	going to + verb	rest of sentence
Why	am	I	going to watch	the news
	is / Isn’t	he / she / it
	are/ aren’t	you / we / they

1. How much is the computer going to cost?
2. Why aren’t you going to buy that car?

Exercises – Future – be going to

Fill in the correct form of the verb with the be going to form of future as in the examples.

1. He is going to clean up his room tonight. (clean up)
2. Teddy and Sam aren’t going to eat at that restaurant again. (not eat)

1. Ben__________ Mr. Davis to give him a good grade. (persuade)
2. We __________ a refund on that TV that broke down. (demand)
3. ________Ms. Thompson __________ you extra for that work?(pay)
4. I _______ Los Angeles next year. (leave)
5. Turner _______ a car when he lands at the airport. (hire) He’ll take the train.

Answers:

1. is going to persuade
2. are going to demand
3. Is/going to pay
4. am going to leave
5. isn’t going to hire

Shall is used with the subjects I and we to make suggestions or to offer to do something for someone. It is always used in the form of a question.

Will	subject	base form of the verb	rest of sentence
Shall	I / We	send	out for pizza

1. Shall we go for a walk?
2. Shall I help you with that?

The use of shall to mean will is formal English and is not commonly used today.

We use will/wont + be + verbing (present participle) when we know that an action will be in progress at some time in the future or to describe something that has been pre-arranged.

Subject	will / won’t + be + verbing		rest of sentence
	Positive	Negative
I / You / We / They He / She / It	will be waiting	won’t be waiting	for you

1. Don’t phone me before 12:00. I will be meeting with a client.
2. You can take my car tomorrow. I won’t be using it.
4. This time next year, we will be living in our new home.

Yes/No Questions in the Future Progressive (Continuous)

To ask a question that will be answered with either a yes or no, start with Will or Won’t, then choose your subject (the person or thing that will be doing the action), followed by be + verbing (present participle).

Will/Wont	Subject	be + verbing	Rest of Sentence
Will	I he / she / it you / we / they	be exhibiting	at the show next month
Won’t		be coming	to the wedding on Sunday

1. Will Allen be participating in the science fair next week ?
2. Won’t you be visiting your mother when I’m in town?

Wh-Questions in the Future Progressive (Continuous)

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, which, why, who, how,
To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then will +the subject (a person or thing that is doing the action), followed by be + the ing ( present participle) form of the verb.

Wh Word	will/wont	subject	verbing	rest of sentence
When	will	I he / she / it you / we / they	be meeting	with the CEO today

1. Where will he be waiting for me?
2. How will you be travelling to the exhibition?

Some Wh-questions have a different word order:

Wh Word	subject	will	verbing	rest of sentence
How many	people	will	be attending	the show
Who		will	be going	with you

1. How many contestants will be attempting to win the prize?
2. Which runners will be running the race?

Exercises – Future Progressive (Continuous)

Fill in the correct form of the verb with the future progressive ( will + be + verbing) form of future as in the examples.

1. He will be receiving his M.A. degree at the ceremony next week (receive)
2. Will Ron be visiting you today?(visit)

1. I ________ to Monterey this weekend. (drive) Do you want to come along?
2. ________ they ________ the conference next week? (attend)
3. Ella and Sara __________ out of class just as I arrive at the college. (get)
4. I ________ in Norway next week while you are sunbathing in Tahiti (freeze)
5. How many students _________ next month? (not graduate)

Answers:

1. will be driving
2. Will/ be attending
3. will be getting
4. will be freezing
5. will not be graduating

The present simple tense may be used to express the future in order to talk about plans in the near future.

1. Her bus leaves at 6:00 Tuesday morning.

The present progressive tense may be used to express the future especially when you want to talk about plans arranged in advance. It is common to use it with verbs of movement.

1. I’m turning in my History assignment tomorrow morning.

Tag Questions in the Future Tense

Tag questions are those short questions that are tagged onto the end of a sentence. They are used just to make sure the person you’re talking to understood what you meant or to emphasize what you said.

They’re formed by using a positive sentence in the future tense forms and adding an appropriate auxiliary (helping) and a pronoun (I, you, we, they, he, she, it) and a question mark.

1. John will call her tomorrow, won’t he?
2. All those girls will be sitting quietly, won’t they?
3. You’re coming over tonight, aren’t you?
4. That bee is going to sting me, isn’t it?

You may also add a positive tag when you’re using a negative sentence.

1. Carey won’t report me, will she?
2. The kids aren’t going to play soccer tomorrow, are they?
3. You’re not working tomorrow, are you?

As a rule: When the sentence is positive, the tag is negative.
When the sentence is negative, the tag is positive.

Positive

1. She’ll write the e-mail after lunch.
2. Don’t lift that. You’ll hurt yourself.
3. You dropped your purse. I’ll get it.
4. I’ll see you tomorrow.
5. You’ll get the answer by post.
6. Dan’s going to take the order over to the customer.
7. The girls are going to sing ‘Amazing Grace’ now.
8. I’ll drive you to your lesson at 4 pm.
9. He is going to clean up his room tonight.
10. Don’t phone me before 12:00. I will be meeting with a client.
11. This time next year, we will be living in our new home.
12. He will be receiving his M.A. degree at the ceremony next week.
13. Her bus leaves at 6:00 Tuesday morning.
14. I’m turning in my History assignment tomorrow morning.

Negative

1. Alice won’t help us decorate for the party.
2. If you don’t finish the bid, the boss won’t give you a raise.
3. I won’t see you tomorrow.
4. You will not do that again!
5. They aren’t going to buy the house.
6. I am not going to make dinner tonight. We’re going out to a restaurant.
7. Teddy and Sam aren’t going to eat at that restaurant again.
8. You can take my car tomorrow. I won’t be using it.
9. He won’t work overtime anymore.

Yes/No Questions

1. Will Dave burn the CD for you?
2. Won’t the girls be late for the party?
3. Am I going to feel bad about my decision?
4. Is he going to watch the film tonight?
5. Are you going to participate in the race tomorrow?
6. Shall we go for a walk?
7. Shall I help you with that?
8. Will Allen be participating in the science fair next week?
9. Won’t you be visiting your mother when I’m in town?
10. Will Ron be visiting you today?

Wh- Questions

1. When will he give you an answer?
2. Why won’t you tell him the truth?
3. How much is the computer going to cost?
4. Why aren’t you going to buy that car?
5. Where will he be waiting for me?
6. How will you be travelling to the exhibition?
7. How many contestants will be attempting to win the prize?
8. Which runners will be running the race?

Tag Questions

1. John will call her tomorrow, won’t he?
2. All those girls will be sitting quietly, won’t they?
3. You are going to finish that work, aren’t you?
4. That bee is going to sting me, isn’t it?
5. Carey won’t report me, will she?
6. The kids aren’t going to play soccer tomorrow, are they?
7. You’re not working tomorrow, are you?

The present perfect simple tense is used to

Describe actions that occurred in the past but are still relevant to the present.

1. Rani has broken her arm. (She broke it in the past and can’t use her arm now.)

Describe an action that started in the past but is still happening on a regular or habitual basis (like the present simple).

1. The girls have played tennis at the club since 2005. (They started to play tennis there in 2005 and still play there today. This does not mean they are playing tennis at the moment.)

Describe actions that were repeated several times in the past.

1. I‘ve already made several calls. (Up until now)

The specific time in the past is unimportant, just the fact that it happened.

Note: Time Expressions – Present Perfect
NEVER use the same time expressions that you use in the past simple tense, such as: yesterday, a week ago, last night. You MAY use unspecific time expressions such as: ever, never, since, for, already, many times, before, so far, yet.

In order to form a typical sentence in the present perfect simple, choose a subject ((the person or thing that has done the action), add an auxiliary (or helping) verb: has or have + the V3 (past participle) form of the verb and then add the rest of the sentence.

Subject	have/has +Verb(V3) (Past Participle)	Rest of Sentence
I / You / We / They	have met	him before
He / She / It	has lived	here for three years

The V3 (past participle) form of a regular verb looks just like a regular verb in the past simple:

1. walk > walked / study > studied / stop > stopped / create > created

There are quite a few irregular verbs in English. It pays to memorize them.

Note: Has Had – A verb combination that often causes confusion in the present perfect simple is has had or have had. Ex. I have had enough of your complaining! Have is the auxiliary (or helping) verb and had is the V3 (or past participle) of the main verb to have. It may look strange, but it is correct.

Contractions in the Present Perfect Simple

In general, we contract the subject (the person or thing that has done the action) and form of have:

1. I have > I’ve – I’ve used those images before.
2. He has > He’s / She has > She’s / It has > It’s – He’s already had the surgery.
3. We have > We’ve / You have > You’ve / They are > They’ve – We’ve just gotten home.

You may have noticed that the 3rd person singular (he, she, it) contractions look like those in the present progressive. You can tell them apart by the use of the V3 and from the context of the sentence: he is > He’s eating now. / he has > He’s eaten dinner already

Save the long forms for when you want to create emphasis. When speaking, you should stress the have/has.

1. He has sung that song. I know he has.

When creating negative sentences, we usually use hasn’t or haven’t together + the V3 (past participle) form of the verb. Save the long forms (has not, and have not) for when you want to create emphasis. When speaking, put the stress on ‘not’.

Subject	Auxillery Verb	Verb in V3 (Past Participle)	Rest of Sentence
I / You / We / They	haven’t (have not)	ridden	a bike in many years
He / She / It	hasn’t (has not)	lost	enough weight yet

1. I haven’t eaten at that restaurant in a long time.
2. Jim hasn’t worked on Fridays since he joined the company.
3. My friends haven’t ever gone to France.
4. I have not forgiven you!

To create a question that will be answered with a yes or no, start the question with Have or Has, (Haven’t or Hasn’t for a negative question) then add a subject (the person or thing that has done the action) followed by the V3 (Past Participle) form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Auxiliary Verb	Subject	Verb in V3 (Past Participle)	Rest of Sentence
Have	I / you / we / they	begun	the meeting yet
Has	he / she / it	answered	your letter
Hasn’t	he / she / it	eaten	dinner yet

1. Have you ever gone ice skating?
2. Has Jerry presented his ideas to the CEO yet?

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, who, how, how many, how much.

To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add have or has, then the subject (a person or thing that has done the action), followed by the V3 (Past Participle) form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Wh-Word	Auxiliary Verb	Subject	Verb in V3 (Past Participle)	Rest of Sentence
What	have	I / you / we / they	read	lately
Why	has	he / she / it	changed	color

1. When have I ever lied to you?
2. Why has Tanya left the country?
3. How much money have you spent so far?

Tag questions are those short questions that are tagged onto the end of a sentence. They are used just to make sure that the person you’re talking to understood what you meant or to emphasize what you said.

They’re formed by using a regular sentence in the present perfect simple, then adding haven’t or hasn’t and a pronoun (I, you, we, they, he, she, it) and a question mark.

Examples of the Present Perfect Simple – Tag Questions:

1. John has known her for a couple of years, hasn’t he?
2. They have been in business since 1980, haven’t they?

You may also add a positive tag when you’re using a negative sentence.

1. Keisha hasn’t spoken to you yet, has she?
2. Those kids have never played rugby, have they?

As a rule: When the sentence is positive, the tag is negative.
When the sentence is negative, the tag is positive.

Fill in the correct form of the present perfect simple as in the examples.

1. Dan has worked in that company for 12 years. (work)
2. Have you heard the news? (hear)
3. The boys have never eaten sushi. (eat)

1. Daniel ____ that video clip at least twenty times. (see)
2. The workers _______ a break in 4 hours. (not have)
3. We ___________ them regularly over the last few years. (visit)
4. _______ Ella _______ her driving test yet? (pass)
5. Roger _______ to Mexico several times since 2002.(be)
6. They______ to each other in ages, _______ they? (not speak)
7. Why _______ Mathew _______his job? (quit)
8. ______the nurses ______ on strike again? (go)
9. ________ they ______ the post yet? (not deliver)
10. I _____ already_______ you the answer. (tell)

Answers:

1. has seen
2. haven’t had
3. have visited
4. Has/passed
5. has been
6. haven’t spoken/have
7. has/quit
8. Have/gone
9. Haven’t/delivered
10. have/ told

Positive

1. Rani has broken her arm.
2. The girls have played tennis at the club since 2005.
3. I’ve already made several calls.

Contractions

1. I have > I’ve – I’ve used those images before.
2. He has > He’s / She has > She’s / It has > It’s – He’s already had the surgery.
3. We have > We’ve / You have > You’ve /They have > They’ve – We’ve just gotten home.

Negative

1. I haven’t eaten at that restaurant yet.
2. Jim hasn’t worked on Fridays since he joined the company.
3. My friends haven’t ever gone to France.
4. I have not forgiven you!

Yes/No Questions

1. Have you ever gone ice skating?
2. Has Jerry presented his ideas to the CEO yet?

Wh-Questions

1. When have I ever lied to you?
2. Why has Tanya left the country?
3. How much money have you spent so far?

Tag Questions

1. John has known her for a couple of years, hasn’t he?
2. They have been in business since 1980, haven’t they?
3. Keisha hasn’t spoken to you yet, has she?
4. Those kids have never played rugby, have they?

The negative in the past progressive tense is created using was not or were not + the ing (present participle) form of the verb.

Note: In general, use these contractions in the negative: wasn’t, weren’t. Save the long forms for when you want to create emphasis.

Subject	a form of be + verbing	rest of sentence
I /He / She / It	wasn’t crying	when you came home
You / We / They	weren’t hiking	there when the earthquake hit

1. I wasn’t sleeping when you came home last night.
2. When Ms. Foster came in, the girls weren’t studying.
3. Sam wasn’t lying when he said he loved you.

To ask a question that will be answered with either a yes or no, start with Was or Were, (Wasn’t or Weren’t for a negative question) then choose your subject (the person or thing doing the action), followed by the ing (present participle) form of the verb and then the rest of your question.

A form of Be	subject	verbing	rest of sentence
Was	I	walking	too fast
Was	he / she / it	shouting	while you were trying to sleep
Were	you / we / they	waiting	for her when the plane landed

1. Was I talking to you?
2. Were you writing the report when the electricity went off?
3. When you came home, was he singing in the shower?
4. Wasn’t Tom sitting in the cafe when you drove past?

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, which, why, who, and how.

To create a wh-question, start with the Wh-word, then was or were (wasn’t or weren’t for a negative question), then the subject (a person or thing that does the action), followed by the ing (participle) form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Wh Word	a form of be	subject	verbing	rest of sentence
Who	was	I	talking	to
What	was	he / she / it	doing
When	were	you / we / they	planning	on telling me the bad news

1. Where were you standing when the trouble started?
2. Who was I talking to? I can’t remember.
3. Why wasn’t she waiting at the meeting point?

Tag questions are those short questions that are tagged onto the end of a sentence. They are used just to make sure the person you’re talking to understood what you meant or to emphasize what you said.

They’re formed by using a positive sentence in the past progressive and adding wasn’t or weren’t and a pronoun (I, you, we, they, he, she, it) and a question mark.

1. I was snoring last night, wasn’t I?
2. They were all rushing for the exit, weren’t they?
3. When Mr. Thomas called, David was solving crossword puzzles, wasn’t he?

You may also add a positive tag when you’re using a negative sentence.

1. Jennifer wasn’t trying very hard, was she?
2. The trains weren’t running on schedule yesterday, were they?

As a rule: When the sentence is positive, the tag is negative.
When the sentence is negative, the tag is positive.

Fill in the correct form of the verb in Past Progressive (Continuous) or Past Simple as in the examples.

1. Tom was wrapping the gift when I walked in the room. (wrap / walk)
2. Did he comfort her while she was crying? (comfort / cry)
3. What were you doing when the accident occurred? (do / occur)

1. What _______the manager ________ at 7:00 pm yesterday? (do)
2. Tina and Shelly ____________ to the hotel when it _________ to rain. (walk/start)
3. When Donny _________ the room, everyone ______________. (enter/talk)
4. I _________ in the sales department when I first _________ Sofie. (work/meet)
5. My brother ______the computer while I ______ for my trip. (use/pack)
6. ______ you ______ attention when the teacher ______ your name? (pay/call)
7. We ______ TV when the lighting ________. (watch/ strike)
8. She _______ about me behind my back, wasn’t she? (whisper)
9. ______ the client really ______out while Troy ______ the proposal? (walk / present)
10. This morning, while I ________ breakfast, someone _______ on the door. (eat /knock)

Answers:

1. was/doing
2. were walking/started
3. entered/was talking
4. was working/met
5. was using/was packing
6. Were/paying/called
7. were watching/struck
8. was whispering
9. Did/walk/was presenting
10. was eating/knocked

Positive

1. He was writing an e-mail when the phone rang.
2. When the phone rang, he was writing an e-mail.
3. While he was writing an e-mail, the phone rang.
4. I was preparing dinner while Melanie was working upstairs.
5. While Melanie was working upstairs, I was preparing dinner.

Negative

1. I wasn’t sleeping when you came home last night.
2. When Ms. Foster came in, the girls weren’t studying.
3. Sam wasn’t lying when he said he loved you.

Yes/No Questions

1. Was I talking to you?
2. Were you writing the report when the electricity went off?
3. When you came home, was he singing in the shower?
4. Wasn’t Tom sitting in the cafe when you drove past?

Wh-Questions

1. Where were you standing when the trouble started?
2. Who was I talking to? I can’t remember.
3. Why wasn’t she waiting at the meeting point?

Tag Questions

1. I was snoring last night, wasn’t I?
2. They were all rushing for the exit, weren’t they?
3. When Mr. Thomas called, David was solving crossword puzzles, wasn’t he?
4. Jennifer wasn’t trying very hard, was she?
5. The trains weren’t running on schedule yesterday, were they?

To create a negative sentence in the past simple, use didn’t (did not) + the base form of the verb.

Note: Save the long forms (did not) for when you want to create emphasis. When speaking, put the stress on ‘not’.

Subject	didn’t + verb in the base form	Rest of Sentence
I / He / She / It You / We / They	didn’t walk	to the shop yesterday
	didn’t sleep	late last Saturday

1. I didn’t talk to John yesterday.
2. He didn’t steal those ideas from the company.
3. You didn’t show me the photos from the wedding.
4. Ron did not sign the document.

To create a question that will be answered with a yes or no, start the question with Did, then add a subject (the person or thing that does the action) followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Auxiliary Verb	Subject	verb in base form	rest of sentence
Did	I / you / we / they	walk	to the shop yesterday
	he / she / it	sleep	late last Saturday

1. Did you ask Tina to go out with you?
2. Did the employees stay late again last night?
3. Did Rob finish his assignment yesterday?

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, why, who, how, how many, how much.

To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add did (or didn’t for a negative question), then the subject (a person or thing that does the action), followed by the base form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Wh-word	auxiliary verb	subject	verb in base form	rest of sentence
What	did	I / you / we / they he / she / it	sell	the house
Why	didn’t		rescue	me

1. When did you buy that sweater?
2. Why did the computer break down?
3. How long did the train journey take?
4. Why didn’t you tell me about the accident?

Tag questions are those short questions that are tagged onto the end of a sentence. They are used just to make sure the person you’re talking to understood what you meant or to emphasize what you said.

They’re formed either by using a positive sentence in the past simple and then adding didn’t, a pronoun (I, you, we, they, he, she, it) and a question mark.

1. John scored a goal, didn’t he?
2. Their dogs barked all night, didn’t they?

You may also add a positive tag when you’re using a negative sentence.

1. Kate didn’t take out the rubbish bin, did she?
2. The girls didn’t copy on the exam, did they?

As a rule: When the sentence is positive, the tag is negative.
When the sentence is negative, the tag is positive.

Fill in the correct form of the verb in the past simple as in the examples.

1. David saw his History professor at the supermarket two days ago. (see)
2. I didn’t know your e-mail address, so I phoned instead. (not know/phone)
3. Did you get the message I left the day before yesterday?

1. I _______ a great book last week. (read)
2. _______ Adam ______ the jacket that he _______ at the party? (find / leave)
3. Why _______ you__________ for me at the bar yesterday evening? (not wait)
4. I _________ for over an hour, but you never __________ up! (wait / show)
5. My friends _________ to New Delhi via Mumbai a week ago. (fly)
6. Teresa ___________ the last train, _______________? (catch)
7. The sunset _________ beautiful last night. (be)
8. _______ they _________ the client’s deadline yesterday? (meet)
9. When _____ he ___________ from med school? (graduate)
10. Ella ___________ to get a hold of you, but you ________ home. (try/not be)

Answers:

1. read
2. Did/find/left
3. didn’t/wait
4. waited/showed
5. flew
6. caught/ didn’t she
7. was
8. Did/meet
9. did/graduate
10. tried/weren’t

Positive

1. I visited a client in London yesterday.
2. She planned the event all by herself.

Negative

1. I didn’t talk to John yesterday.
2. He didn’t steal those ideas from the company.
3. You didn’t show me the photos from the wedding.
4. Ron did not sign the document.

Yes/No Questions

1. Did you ask Tina to go out with you?
2. Did the employees stay late again last night?
3. Did Rob finish his assignment yesterday?

Wh-Questions

1. When did you buy that sweater?
2. Why did the computer break down?
3. How long did the train journey take?
4. Why didn’t you tell me about the accident?

Tag Questions

1. John scored a goal, didn’t he?
2. Their dogs barked all night, didn’t they?
3. Kate didn’t take out the rubbish bin, did she?
4. The girls didn’t copy on the exam, did they?

In general we contract (or shorten) the subject (the person or thing doing the action), and form of be:

1. I am > I’m – I’m going to the store in about ten minutes.
2. He is > He’s, She is > She’s, It is > It’s – It’s raining cats and dogs.
3. We are > We’re, You are > You’re, They are > They’re – We’re catching the 9:00 flight.

Save the long forms for when you want to create emphasis.

1. You are not going out tonight!

When speaking, you should stress the not.

The negative in the present progressive tense is created using am not, is not or are not together with the ing form (present participle) of the verb.

Subject	A form of be + Verbing	Rest of Sentence
I	am not working	on that project now
He / She / It	isn’t sleeping	at the moment
You / We / They	aren’t running	in the marathon tomorrow

Note: In general, use these contractions in the negative: isn’t, aren’t. Am not cannot be shortened, but you can say I’m not. Save the long forms for when you want to create emphasis.

1. I’m not listening to you.
2. Roger isn’t eating with us tonight.
3. The Smiths aren’t going to France this year. They’re going to Thailand.
4. He is not coming with me dressed like that!

To ask a question that will be answered with either a yes or no, start with Am, Is or Are, then choose your subject (the person or thing doing the action), followed by the ing (present participle) form of the verb and then the rest of your question.

A Form of be	Subject	Verbing	Rest of Sentence
Am	I	making	myself clear
Is	he / she / it	shaking	right now
Are	you / we / they	buying	steaks for dinner tomorrow

1. Am I talking too much?
2. Is that your dog barking?
3. Are you participating in the competition next week?

Wh- questions are questions that require more information in their answers. Typical wh- words are what, where, when, which, why, who, how, how many, how much.

To create a wh-question, start with the wh-word, then add am, is or are, then the subject (a person or thing that is doing the action), followed by the ing ( present participle) form of the verb and only then add the rest of the sentence.

Wh Word	A form of be	Subject	Verbing	Rest of Sentence
Who	am	I	meeting	with today
What	is	he / she / it	doing	right now
When	are	you / we / they	choosing	the colors for the room

1. Which route are you taking to the conference this week?
2. Why is she bleeding?
3. Who am I sending to the meeting?

Tag questions are those short questions that are tagged onto the end of a sentence. They are used just to make sure the person you’re talking to understood what you meant or to emphasize what you said.

They’re formed by using a positive sentence in the present progressive and adding isn’t or aren’t and a pronoun (I, you, we, they, he, she, it) and a question mark. For sentences in the first person (I), use the tag aren’t I?

1. Terry is driving to the post office, isn’t she?
2. All the kids in the class are going on the field trip, aren’t they?
3. I‘m buying tickets for everyone, aren’t I?

You may also add a positive tag when you’re using a negative sentence.

1. Latika‘s not working at IBM anymore, is she?
2. Tomer and Guy aren’t going on the trek to South America, are they?

As a rule: When the sentence is positive, the tag is negative.
When the sentence is negative, the tag is positive.

Fill in the correct form of the Present Progressive as in the examples.

1. The runners are approaching the finish line. (approach)
2. Are you preparing the contract for the client? (prepare)
3. Joyce isn’t playing in today’s tournament. (not play)

1. The team members ______________ late to finish the bid. (stay)
2. What _______Arnie ____________ over there? (do)
3. _______ you __________ a big wedding? (plan)
4. Tim is helping you put the lights up, ___________?
5. The computers _____ finally ____________ like they’re supposed to. (run)
6. _________ Ann _________ in from New York tonight? (fly)
7. The customers aren’t getting the price quote this week, ____________?
8. I________________ Peter for a drink later. (meet)
9. How much money ________ they _________ in the company?(invest)
10. He ___________ to you. (not lie) He ____________ the truth. (tell)

Answers:

1. are staying
2. is/doing
3. Are/planning
4. isn’t he
5. are/running
6. Is/flying
7. are they
8. am meeting
9. are/investing
10. isn’t lying/is telling

Positive

1. We are discussing the project at the moment.
2. Jim’s leaving for Brussels this evening.
3. Her husband is always complaining about his health.

Contractions

1. I’m going to the store in about ten minutes.
2. It’s raining cats and dogs.
3. We’re catching the 9:00 flight.

Negatives

1. I’m not listening to you.
2. Roger isn’t eating with us tonight.
3. The Smiths aren’t going to France this year. They’re going to Thailand.
4. He is not coming with me dressed like that!

Yes/No Questions

1. Am I talking too much?
2. Is that your dog barking?
3. Are you participating in the competition next week?

Wh-Questions

1. Which route are you taking to the conference this week?
2. Why is she bleeding?
3. Who am I sending to the meeting?

Tag Questions

1. Terry is driving to the post office, isn’t she?
2. All the kids in the class are going on the field trip, aren’t they?
3. I’m buying tickets for everyone, aren’t I?
4. Latika’s not working at IBM anymore, is she?
5. Tomer and Guy aren’t going on the trek to South America, are they?